Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)

Introduction Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a blood clot (also called a thrombus) that forms in a vein deep in the body. Most deep vein clots occur in the lower leg or thigh but can also occur in other parts of the body. This clot may interfere with circulation and it may break off and travel through the blood stream and lodge in the lungs, causing severe damage to that organ. If the clot lodges in the lung, it is called pulmonary embolism. This is a very serious condition that can cause death.  Symptoms of pulmonary embolism include chest pain when taking a deep breath,  rapid pulse, fainting, shortness of breath and coughing up of blood. Blood clots that remain lodged in the leg can result in pain and swelling.

Causes The risks of developing DVTs include prolonged sitting, bedrest, or immobilisation  (such as on long plane or car trips), recent surgery or trauma (especially hip, knee or gynaecological surgery), fractures, childbirth within the last 6 months and the  use of medications such as oestrogen and birth control pills.

Symptoms Only about half of the people with deep vein thrombosis have symptoms. The symptoms may include: • Swelling of the leg • Pain or tenderness in the leg, usually in one leg and may be felt only when standing or   walking • Increased warmth in the area of the leg that is swollen or in pain • Changes in skin colour or redness It is important to see a doctor right away if you have symptoms of deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism. Deep vein thrombosis can cause very serious complications if not treated.

Prevention If you have had a deep vein clot before, future clots may be prevented by: • Taking the medicines prescribed by your doctor to prevent or treat blood clots • Following up with your doctor for medicine changes and blood tests When travelling by air, bus or train, walk up and down the aisle every couple of hours. When sitting, exercise your calf muscles by pulling your toes toward your knees several times every hour. Consider wearing compression stockings. Stay hydrated by drinking water (avoid caffeine and alcohol) and wear loose-fitting clothes. After a surgery or illness, try to get out of bed and move around as soon as you are advised to do so by your doctor. Take medicine to prevent blood clots as directed by your doctor after surgery. Source : National Heart Centre, Singapore